Israeli
cabinet approves legislation defining nation-state of Jewish people
Opponents
say proposed law would reserve ‘national rights’ for Jews and not
for minorities that make up 20% of population
the Guardian
23 November, 2014
A
controversial bill that officially defines Israel as the nation-state
of the Jewish people has been approved by cabinet despite warnings
that the move risks undermining the country’s democratic character.
Opponents,
including some cabinet ministers, said the new legislation defined
reserved “national rights” for Jews only and not for its
minorities, and rights groups condemned it as racist.
The
bill, which is intended to become part of Israel’s basic laws,
would recognise Israel’s Jewish character, institutionalise Jewish
law as an inspiration for legislation and delist Arabic as a second
official language.
Arab
Muslims and Christians make up 20% of Israel’s population.
The
cabinet passed the bill by a 14-7 majority after reports of rancorous
exchanges during the meeting, including between the prime minister,
Binyamin Netanyahu, and his justice minister, Tzipi Livni.
The
bill, which still requires the Knesset’s approval to become a law,
comes as tensions between Israelis and Palestinians rise sharply, and
friction within Israel’s Arab minority grows.
Opponents
include two of the more centrist parties in Netanyahu’s fragile
coalition - which say the bill is being pushed through with
forthcoming primaries in the prime minster’s rightwing Likud party
in mind - and senior government officials including the attorney
general.
According
to many critics, the new wording would weaken the wording of Israel’s
declaration of independence, which states that the new state would
“be based on the principles of liberty, justice and freedom
expressed by the prophets of Israel [and] affirm complete social and
political equality for all its citizens, regardless of religion, race
or gender”.
Among
those to voice their opposition was the finance minister, Yair Lapid,
who said he had spoken to the family of Zidan Saif, a Druze policeman
killed in last week’s deadly attack on a Jerusalem synagogue.
“What
will we tell his family? That he is a second-class citizen in the
state of Israel because someone has primaries in the Likud?” he
asked.
Netanyahu
argued that the law was necessary because people were challenging the
notion of Israel as a Jewish homeland.
“There
are many who are challenging Israel’s character as the national
state of the Jewish people. The Palestinians refuse to recognise this
and there is also opposition from within.
“There
are those, including those who deny our national rights, who would
like to establish autonomy in the Galilee and the Negev.
“Neither
do I understand those who are calling for two states for two peoples
but who also oppose anchoring this in law. They are pleased to
recognise a Palestinian national state but strongly oppose a Jewish
national state.”
According
to reports in the Hebrew media, the attorney general, Yehuda
Weinstein, has also expressed concern, shared by some ministers, that
the new law would effectively give greater emphasis to Israel’s
Jewish character at the expense of its democratic nature. A number of
Israeli basic laws use the term “Jewish and democratic”, giving
equal weight to both. The new law would enshrine only the Jewish
character of the state.
Netanyahu
appeared to confirm that there would be differential rights for
Israeli Jews and other minorities. He said that while all could enjoy
equal civil rights, “there are national rights only for the Jewish
people - a flag, anthem, the right of every Jew to immigrate to
Israel and other national symbols.”
Cabinet
ministers, including Netanyahu, separately proposed stripping
Palestinian attackers of their residency rights in occupied East
Jerusalem in response to a wave of deadly violence.
“It
cannot be that those who harm Israel, those who call for the
destruction of the state of Israel, will enjoy rights like social
security,” Netanyahu said, adding that the measure would complement
house demolitions and serve as a deterrent.
Critics,
however, have condemned the measures as racist said that they could
further escalate tensions.
The
cabinet met as fresh reports of continuing violence emerged. In Gaza,
the Palestinian health ministry said Israeli forces had shot dead a
Palestinian on Sunday, the first such fatality since a 50-day Gaza
war ended in August.
In
the West Bank, a Palestinian home was torched on Sunday. No one was
hurt in the fire, which gutted the home in the village of Khirbet Abu
Falah near Ramallah, local residents said.
“The
settlers came here and they hit the door, but I refused to open,”
said Huda Hamaiel, who owns the house. She said they then broke a
terrace window and hurled a petrol bomb inside.
“Death
to Arabs” and another slogan calling for revenge were also painted
on the walls of Hamaiel’s home, hallmarks of Jewish extremists’
so-called “price tag” attacks against Palestinian dwellings and
mosques and Christian church property.
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