What
if they pulled the plug on the internet?
THE
END OF THE WORLD: The internet has become so enmeshed in our lives
that the loss of it - even temporarily - is more than most of us can
contemplate.
4
March, 2013
It
was 5.30am on November 22, 2012, when Greg Walsh had his first
inkling that the internet had stopped working. As a farm manager near
Warrnambool in the Australian state of Victoria, he had risen early
to check emails and send instructions to the farm managers he
oversaw.
That
morning, his home connection to the internet wasn't working. That was
not entirely unheard of but he discovered his mobile phone connection
was also down. So was his home phone.
It
took a much older form of communication, radio, to learn that a fire
had damaged the Telstra exchange.
Keen
to get on with his day, Mr Walsh started the 20-minute drive to town.
"I pulled in to the nearest service station only to find that
the payment service was down, and that I needed cash to buy petrol.
And I had about $5 in my pocket."
When
he finally made it into Warrnambool he found the ATMs there weren't
working, either. So he joined the long queue outside a bank, where
tellers were handing $100 to anyone who could prove their identity
and recording the transactions on paper.
"That
was the first realisation that this was something wider than just
day-to-day communication," Mr Walsh says. "It was a shock
to realise just how widespread the ramifications were."
It
took Telstra nearly three weeks to get the Warrnambool district fully
back online. While mobile and some emergency telephone services were
back within days, internet services took longer. During that time
businesses lost thousands of dollars through being cut off from their
systems and customers. To date, Telstra has paid out up to $1000 each
to nearly 2000 businesses, and is assessing a smaller number of
larger claims.
That
a small fire could have such consequences is testimony to how deeply
the internet has become woven into our society. It's even more
remarkable because most people have been using it for fewer than 15
years. As the people of Warrnambool learned, it wasn't only email and
web access that they had lost. The fire also took down their ability
to conduct business and communicate with the rest of the digitally
enabled world. For the better part of three weeks they disappeared
into a digital black hole.
The
Warrnambool incident was limited in scope but would it be possible to
take down the entire internet? There is growing concern about whether
the internet can survive attacks or other catastrophes.
"I
think we'd have a global crisis of terrible proportions," says
Rod Tucker, director of the institute for a broadband-enabled society
at the University of Melbourne.
"It
is conceivable that you'd have a major global crisis with civil
unrest within weeks. Business is now adapted to the situation where
everything happens via data and you don't need the telephone - and if
we had to fall back to the telephone it couldn't cope with the way we
do business today."
So
it's good to know that several agencies are working to safeguard the
internet.
One
of their biggest concerns is cyber-terrorism, particularly when
directed by nations.
In
2008, the former Soviet republic of Georgia accused Russia of a
co-ordinated attack on Georgian websites as part of an offensive
against South Ossetia. In effect, the attack took Georgia off the
internet.
ACCORDING
to the director of digital productivity and services at the
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO),
Ian Oppermann, one of the greatest survival attributes of the web is
inherent in its name - it is a web of connections designed to survive
the loss of even a large number of individual points. The web's
design means data is simply rerouted around problem areas.
"So
it would be a pretty catastrophic set of events that would
potentially do something to bring the web down."
One
possible way to take down the internet is a concerted attack against
the so-called top-level domain servers that send traffic to websites.
Hackers also take websites offline by directing massive volumes of
junk traffic to them.
Natural
dangers also exist. Mr Oppermann says that on occasion North America
has had problems with its interstate power line networks thanks to
the effects of solar flares.
It
is also possible to disrupt the physical connections that link the
internet. According to the Asia-Pacific director of online security
company Sophos, Rob Forsyth, problems would quickly emerge should
anyone damage the five undersea cables that carry much of Australia's
internet traffic.
As
vice-president at technology maker Cisco, Robert Pepper works with
governments to better understand the internet's impact on society.
"We expect it to be there. Our lives are built around it. And
having experienced it, if you had to go cold turkey, it would be a
real shock."
Some
changes would be fairly frivolous, such as the loss of online
shopping. But the same network delivers life-saving information to
medical professionals. Loss of the internet could truly have life or
death consequences.
In
Warrnambool, businessman Robert Lane says travellers were turning up
to hotels after booking online only to find staff had no record of
their booking. Online retailers could not take orders; banks and
merchants could not process electronic transactions, and online
banking was down.
But
Mr Lane says it wasn't all bad - at least initially. "For the
vast majority of people, once they got over the initial panic, the
overwhelming feeling was, ‘Isn't it great - we'll have to get in
the car and visit people'."
But
his business, the local arm of a business consulting firm, soon
suffered. His colleagues are scattered around Victoria.
"Being
able to manage, to get access to information, was quite difficult . .
. we had to physically visit people." Which is not so easy when
your clients and colleagues are hundreds of kilometres away.
The
changes that the internet has wrought on society are staggering, as
is our willingness to embrace it. We have flocked to internet
banking, and internet bookings now account for 40 per cent of overall
bookings for travel, according to PhoCusWright market research. Then
there are the online dating services. and the impact on younger
people who have never lived without the internet and who use Facebook
to keep in touch with friends and family, share photos and organise
events.
And
there is the much bigger question of whether the global economy could
survive losing the internet. Companies including Google, Amazon and
eBay rely on it for their existence, and their values would plummet
should the internet cease to function. Companies such as
Hewlett-Packard, IBM and Apple would struggle to survive.
Whether
global financial markets could absorb the collapse of so many big
companies without going into a tailspin and taking the global economy
with them is doubtful. And without the internet and similar dedicated
financial services networks it would be almost impossible to trade
stock. The world would lose the economic stimulus and productivity
boost that the internet has provided. According to McKinsey &
Company, the internet has created 2.6 jobs for each job lost to
technology.
In
Warrnambool, Telstra continues to assess claims from business
customers. The outage has left many asking how they can avoid a
recurrence and how they might make themselves less dependent on the
internet.
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