As
if we didn't already have enough ways to destroy life on earth –
here's another!
Lots
of fear-mongering from the US media – pointing the blame anywhere
else but the root cause of instability.
E-bomb
– The real doomsday weapon
Electromagnetic
pulse weapons that can paralyse a country in a nanosecond are already
in the possession of several states.
29
April, 2013
A
nuclear weapon explodes 300 km above Nebraska, the geographical
centre of the United States. The blast is far too high to kill people
by heat or radioactivity. But it does something far worse – it
sends the world’s most advanced country into the Stone Age.
This
isn’t science fiction. The technology for launching this version of
Armageddon exists and is ridiculously low tech. Even an ordinary,
low-yield nuclear bomb exploded in the upper atmosphere by
terrorists, with help from dysfunctional nuclear powers such as North
Korea or Pakistan, would unleash a deadly electromagnetic pulse (EMP)
that will take only a nanosecond to knock out an entire country’s
electrical grid.
That
means every microchip will be fried and all electronic systems will
fail. The result would be “fundamental collapse” as the United
States EMP Commission describes it. All phones and mobiles will stop
functioning, the transport system would come to a halt, the banking
system, airports, food and fuel distribution systems would collapse.
The fabric of modern society would be ripped apart.
The
day after Boston
If
the Boston bombings have proved anything it is that low tech warfare
can bring a high-tech nation to its knees. Two Chechen
brothers,
not very well-equipped or professionally trained but nevertheless
motivated by Islamic zeal, forced an entire city to close down.
Pressure
cooker bombs are cheap; flying stolen aircraft into skyscrapers is
free (other than the cost of flight training) and sending a bunch of
raiders into a modern metropolis (as the Pakistanis did in Mumbai)
takes only a few thousand dollars. But at the end of the standoff,
the terrorists always lose and often die. No modern state has ever
buckled under terror.
Terrorists
and terrorist states, therefore, want something that will give them
more bang for the buck. It makes you wonder, what next?
Your
worst nightmare
The
Russians were the first to understand the implications of EMP as a
weapon. Soviet physicist Andrei Sakharov proposed using this
principle in a bomb in the 1950s. On October 22, 1962, during one of
their ABM tests, the Russians detonated a 300 kiloton hydrogen
warhead (20 times more powerful than Hiroshima) at an altitude of 300
km over Kazakhstan.
The
blast deliberately targeted two cable lines. The first one was the
550 km East-West telephone line – all the fuses in the line which
was 7.5 m above the ground were destroyed. The second, the 1,000 km
Aqmola-Almaty power line, carried electricity from a power station in
the city of Karaganda. It was a lead-shielded cable protected against
mechanical damage by spiral-wound steel tape, and was buried at a
depth of 90 cm. This cable succumbed completely to the EMP within
seconds of the blast, overheating and setting the power station on
fire.
The
United States military realised EMP’s potential as a weapon the
same year, in the Starfish Prime test of a much larger 1.44 megaton
warhead at a height of 400 km over the Pacific Ocean. The pulse
knocked out street lights and damaged telephones in Hawaii. Four days
after the explosion the UK satellite Ariel was unable to generate
sufficient electricity to function properly.
People
are more vulnerable today because virtually everything now runs on
microchips, which are a million times more vulnerable to a power
surge than the thermonic valves used in electronics in 1962. Today
most people around the world are unable to function normally without
access to mobile phones and computers.
How
does it work?
A
nuclear explosion in the upper atmosphere releases EMP that spreads
out and radiates a large area underneath it. The area affected by the
EMP depends on the height at which it is detonated. The higher in the
atmosphere the explosion occurs, the larger the radius of damage.
It’s
like a powerful lightning bolt that surges into your house. The
strength of the pulse – 30,000 to 50,000 volts per metre – is
more than enough to burn your circuits and make your television set
explode. Just like in the movies.
Such
damage cannot be repaired – everything would need to be replaced.
But wait, even that won’t be easy. According to one study, if the
United States lost its large transformers, 40 per cent of the
country’s population would be without electrical power for as long
as four to 10 years.
That
isn’t farfetched as it sounds. Several countries, including the
United States, no longer manufacture large power transformers. They
are all sourced from abroad. At a US
Senate hearing on
March 8, 2005, Dr Lowell Wood, astrophysicist and Commissioner of the
EMP Commission, declared: ‘‘And when you want a new one, you
order it and it is delivered – it is, first of all,
manufactured.... Typical sort of delays from the time you order until
the time you have a transformer in service are one to two years, and
that is with everything working great.
‘‘If
the United States was already out of power and it suddenly needed a
few hundred new transformers because of burnout, you could understand
why we found not that it would take a year or two to recover, it
might take decades, because you burn down the national plant, you
have no way of fixing it and really no way of reconstituting it other
than waiting for slow-moving foreign manufacturers to very slowly
reconstitute an entire continent's worth of burned down power
plants.’’
Who’s
coming to the party?
According
to a report
prepared for the United States Congress,
Russia and China are now capable of launching a crippling high EMP
strike against the United States with a nuclear-tipped ballistic
missile, and other nations, such as North Korea, could possibly have
the capability by 2015. Other nations that could possibly develop a
similar capability over the next few years include France, Israel,
India, the UK and Pakistan.
China
could either blanket the area over Taiwan to paralyse the country or
above a US Navy aircraft carrier to cripple carrier groups. Israel
can despatch Iran or any Middle Eastern challenger to the Stone Age.
And what North Korea can do is anybody’s guess.
Ramping
up doomsday power
EMP
can be produced on a smaller, non-nuclear scale using a device with
batteries or chemical explosives. A group of Russian scientists from
Tomsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Moscow have developed a
series of unique compact generators capable of producing high-energy
pulses of hundreds and even thousands of megawatts, Yuri Zaitsev, an
adviser at Russia’s Academy of Engineering Sciences, wrote in a
2007 article.
The
United States has also ramped up its research on non-nuclear EMP
weapons. In October 2012, Boeing tested
a missile system that
does not use any explosives, thereby limiting damage to its intended
goal of directing microwave energy that can cause instant blackouts.
Aimed at taking out Iran’s nuclear plants, it is codenamed CHAMP –
Counter-Electronics High Power Advanced Missile Project.
The
ultimate weapon
However,
there’s one bomb that could be the ultimate doomsday weapon – an
ordinary nuclear warhead packed with common cobalt. The bomb
transforms the cobalt into highly radioactive cobalt-60, which has a
half-life of over five years.
You
can run but you can’t hide from such a weapon because unlike the
radioactivity of Hiroshima type bombs that remains local, the
radioactivity of cobalt-60 would spread around the world and slowly
kill all life.
The
average supermarket stocks food for two days, and regional food
warehouses may have a few weeks supply. What are you going to do for
the next five years? Compared with the madness that modern maniacs
can unleash, the horrors of WWII and 9/11 are but mere sideshows.
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