Monday, 29 February 2016

Methane Pollution All Across America

180+ Infrared Videos Show Methane Pollution All Across America


24 February, 22016

Just as the worst methane leak in California’s history is sealed and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) acknowledged that America pollutes much more methane than previously estimated, Earthworks—the group that filmed the videos revealing the scope of the methane disaster in Los Angeles County—released a map of 180+ infrared videos of oil and gas methane pollution events across the country.

New . estimates show we have a huge problem, now you can see it:

The map, created with the help of FracTracker Alliance, includes two new videos that epitomize the national methane pollution problem.

The first is of a well near Longmont, Colorado:



The second one is of a massive pipeline blowdown in North Dakota’s Bakken shale region:



In November of 2012, the voters in Longmont banned fracking to protect our health, safety and wellbeing, especially because of air pollution,” said Kaye Fissinger, president of Our Longmont.

The air we breathe in Longmont is still subject to ‘toxic trespass’ from extreme extraction in communities nearby. It’s long past time for government to stop tinkering around the edges and genuinely address the ever-growing damage that fracking and drilling inflict.”

For the past eight years I have witnessed the rapid increase of oil and gas industrialization and the environmental destruction that comes with it,” said Lisa DeVille of Dakota Resource Council and the Three Affiliated Tribes. “Finally we can see the air pollution that’s all around us. We are concerned about the harmful health and environmental impacts of methane and other air pollutants released from well sites. This is an unmeasurable cost to tribal members on Ft. Berthold and those downwind. We value our health and our lands.”

With more being added every month, the 180+ infrared videos—filmed starting in September 2014—expose otherwise invisible air pollution from oil and gas development. Earthworks uses a FLIR(Forward Looking InfraRed) GasFinder 320 camera that is specially calibrated to detect approximately 20 pollutants associated with oil and gas development including methane (a climate pollutant more than 80 times as powerful as carbon dioxide over 20 years), benzene (a known carcinogen) and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Earthworks ITC-certified thermographers have documented air pollution from wells, compressor stations, transmission infrastructure and storage facilities.



After crisscrossing the country for more than a year collecting these videos, we’ve learned oil and gas air pollution is inevitably associated with oil and gas development,” said Bruce Baizel, Earthworks energy program director. “These videos show we need strong state and federal rules for all new and and existing sources of this pollution. The Environmental Protection Agency in particular needs to propose rules covering existing pollution sources to accompany their proposal to cut pollution from new oil and gas facilities.”



The map comes on the heels of the Bureau of Land Management’s proposal to cut methane pollution from oil and gas development on public lands from new and existing sources. Late last year the U.S. EPA proposed rules to cut methane pollution from new and modified oil and gas facilities. If the EPA does not begin a new rulemaking to address existing sources of air pollution, communities living next to this invisible oil and gas pollution will be left to breathe dirty air. Earlier this week in a draft, the EPA revised its estimate of U.S. oil and gas methane pollution upward by more than 25 percent.

Infrared videos allow us to see the magnitude of EPA’s draft Greenhouse Gas Inventory revision in black and white. Oil and gas methane pollution is more severe than previously thought, and more widespread,” said Lauren Pagel, Earthworks’ policy director. “We need EPA to step up and set standards for oil and gas climate pollution from all facilities. But frankly the best way to eliminate this pollution is to keep dirty fossil fuels in the ground.”


An explanation of carbon monoxide concentations on West Coast

There is at presence a large concentration of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide over the West Coast of the US.

CO levels appear to be reducing so maybe a more likely explanation may be volcanic activity?

Carbon monoxide may signal earthquake
K. S. Jayaraman





Nature Asia,
15 February, 2010

Earth emits a burst of carbon monoxide (CO) a few days before an earthquake, according to geophysicist Ramesh Singh. He and co-workers from France and the United States report that this gas could be used as one of the precursor signals for an earthquake early warning system.

The scientists used data from an American satellite and analysed changes in carbon monoxide at different altitudes. "The carbon monoxide shows enhancement in concentration a few days prior to the earthquake," Singh said.

Singh, who was formerly with the Indian Institute of Technology in Kanpur, is currently in the physics department of Chapman University in California, USA. The project was funded by the Indo-French Centre for the Promotion of Advanced Research in New Delhi.

The researchers discovered the connection between CO emission and earthquake by analysing satellite remote sensing data collected around the time when a 7.6 magnitude earthquake shook Gujarat in western India nine years ago killing about 20,000 people and rendering thousands homeless.

Singh said that CO levels were taken by an instrument onboard NASA's Terra satellite — launched in 2009 — circling the earth in a polar orbit at a height of 705 km. The instrument measures CO concentrations at different heights and also computes the total amount of the gas in a vertical column of air above the earth surface.

Analysis of the satellite data showed a large peak in CO concentrations during January 19 and 20 — a week before the main earthquake event. On January 19, the total CO in the vertical column was also higher than usual. After the 26 January earthquake the concentration of the gas dropped.

According to the scientists, CO gas is forced out of the earth due to the build up of stress prior to the earthquake "influencing the hydrological regime around the epicentre."

Singh said an anomalous increase in land surface temperature a few days prior to Gujarat earthquake — as inferred from the data of NASA's other satellite MODIS — is also related to the CO emission. "The increase of column CO and concentrations of CO may have enhanced the land surface temperature," he said.

"The anomalous changes in CO concentrations prior to the main earthquake event and enhancement of temperature of the earth surface observed from MODIS satellite data give an indication of coupling between land and atmosphere," the scientists report. Singh said observation by other researchers of a sudden increase in water vapour in the atmosphere and changes in the ionosphere a few days prior to the Gujarat earthquake all seem to be connected.

According to the report, all these observations including the latest discovery of CO emission show the existence of a 'strong coupling' between land-atmosphere-ionosphere. "The integration of all these parameters in a seismically active region therefore looks a potential approach to understand earthquake processes and may provide reliable information about an impending earthquake," the researchers conclude.

References

Singh, R.P. et al. Satellite detection of carbon monoxide emission prior to the Gujarat earthquake of 26 January 2001. Appl. Geochem. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.01.014 (2010)

Strong earthquake in Christchurch

This quake,centred very close to the city centre will reawaken trauma buried not far under the surface.
Christchurch shaken again by 4.3 quake


A magnitude 4.3 earthquake jolted many Christchurch residents awake this morning.

The quake at 3.32am was centred near Cashmere and was at a depth of 5km.

no caption Graphic: GeoNet

GeoNet listed the quake as strong, and more than 1800 people reported feeling the tremor from as far south as Dunedin and Gore.

RNZ listeners texted that it was a "short, very sharp and loud" quake and "really, really rocked the place".

It was followed by a number of aftershocks, the biggest a magnitude 3.0 shake at 6.14am, and five smaller tremors, the latest at 7am.

St Martin's resident Greg Jackson was woken by the shaking.

"Everything's as quake-proofed as it can get, but our house is fairly close to toast. It's habitable, but all you do is wander out and make sure it's still attached to the piles and see how much more has fallen off the rubble foundations."

This morning's quake comes just over two weeks after a 5.7 magnitude jolt shook Christchurch, causing cliffs to collapse in Sumner and prompting more than 1000 claims to the Earthquake Commission.

Last Monday, the city marked five years since the 22 February 2011 earthquake that left 185 people dead and Christchurch devastated.

Mr Jackson said people were are feeling very stressed after the earthquake two weeks ago and the continuing aftershocks.

There have been no reports of damage to homes or any injuries following today's quake.


Tweet text


Not looking like sleep will come soon. Early cuppa and a book.
4:46 AM - 29 Feb 2016

Nothing like an earthquake to get you out of bed early. Going to be a long day.
GNS seismologist Caroline Holden said this morning's shaking was extreme for the size of earthquake.

"We recorded about 10 times less than for the February earthquake, which is still very, very high for such a small magnitude earthquake.

"So definitely a good jolt.

"The Canterbury earthquakes have this characterisation of being rather punchy earthquakes," she told Morning Report.

"This latest one is proving this again."

It was difficult to tell whether whether this morning's tremors were related to the February 2011 sequence of aftershocks or the Valentine's Day quake, but it was "definitely nothing unusual."