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Tuesday, 20 October 2015

The Dying Earth - 10/19/2015

Guy McPherson has updated his climate change summary HERE

El Nino 2015-16 Conditions Update (Oct 19 2015)





New Zealand in the grip of a 'strong' El Nino
New Zealand is in the grip of an El Nino weather pattern - nearly as strong as the "super El Nino" which ravaged the West Coast in 1997-98.


Farmers are being warned to prepare for the worst. Photo / John Stone

20 October, 2015


The current El Nino could already be classed as "strong" and could bring more rain than usual to the Coast over the coming three months, said NIWA principal climate scientist Dr Brett Mullan.

Scientists used a variety of information to determine how strong an El Nino was, he said. Data showed the current El Nino had strengthened and was now ranked nearly as highly as the "super El Ninos" of 1982-83 and 1997-98.

The consequences of an El Nino for New Zealand were less predictable than other areas, but NIWA expected a high likelihood of stronger than normal westerlies during summer, Dr Mullan said.

There was above average rainfall on the West Coast during the 1982-83 and 1997-98 summers. NIWA data showed some areas of the Coast received around 180 per cent of their normal rainfall during the 1997-98 summer.

Federated Farmers national board member and West Coast dairy farmer Katie Milne said farmers, the group most adversely affected by El Ninos, wouldn't know what the current El Nino had in store until it actually happened.

"If it moves 50 miles north or south... it could be quite different for us than the previous one."

However, it was crucial for farmers to be prepared for the worst -- putting their heads in the sand was not a good approach, she said.

"One of the things I've said to people is, if you're new to an area and don't know what to expect, try and get hold of someone who's been through one."

Farmers might have to stand their cows off more frequently than in previous years. It was worth doing, she said.

"It's a little bit of uncomfortableness for the cows at the time, but it's a lot more uncomfortable if you go back in your next grazing round and there's 50 per cent less grass there than what you thought because they pugged it."

Some farmers might also be forced to make the decision to cull cows early, and some might move to once-a-day milking.

"We have all learnt from the previous experiences, and it is about protecting your pasture as much as you can. It might not be fun but it's manageable."

Mental wellbeing

During the 1997-98 El Nino, farming communities held frequent get-togethers to keep up morale.

Ms Milne encouraged farmers to attend discussion groups and talk through their problems with other farmers. It was at such events farmers realised they weren't alone, she said.

"Everyone's in the same pile of poo."

If this El Nino was anything like it was in 1997-98, sunshine would be hard to come by, she said.

"The fine days weren't even that fine, they were just cloudy."

People got essential vitamins from exposure to the sun. "You're affected chemically and you don't even know you are."

In 1997-98, some Coast farmers would drive over one of the passes to Canterbury for a dose of sunshine, Ms Milne said. They would take a sandwich, sit in the sun for a couple of hours then drive back.

The rate of dairy conversions in Canterbury could also have a negative effect on Coast farmers this El Nino. "Last time we whipped over and got hay and things like that to feed the cows because there wasn't as much grass... the availability of extra feed and grazing is certainly down on what it was."

The Ministry for Primary Industries has published a brochure containing practical advice for farmers and growers on how to prepare for El Nino conditions.

Primary Industries minister Nathan Guy said it focused mostly on farming in dry conditions.

"This [El Nino] would not be good for those on the east coast of the South Island who have had a very dry 12 months already and are still officially in drought. That's why it is important to plan and start preparing now."


Western Australia: Harvest blow as hailstorm ruins crops
Farmers in the south-east of WA’s Wheatbelt are counting the cost after a severe and unexpected thunderstorm devastated crops just days before the harvest was to begin.

Harvest blow as hailstorm ruins crops

19 October, 2015

WA’s peak farmers lobby estimated Saturday night’s hailstorm, which swept down from Newdegate, about 400km south-east of Perth, to Ravensthorpe near the coast, caused damage estimated at $20 million to $30 million.
Some farmers lost up to 70 per cent of their crops.

The event comes as a blow to farmers as what is expected to be a bumper harvest gets under way, though it is understood most of those affected will have insurance for storm damage.

After a record haul of 15.1 million tonnes last summer, this year’s harvest is tipped to come in only slightly under that figure and generate billions of dollars for the agricultural sector.

Bob Iffla, who runs a major sheep and cropping farm near Newdegate, said the hailstorm was one of the worst he had seen and ruined about 1200ha — or 10 per cent — of his crop.

Upfront losses would be about $850,000, he said.

Mr Iffla said the storm flattened crops, tore roofs from outbuildings, stripped trees and even left birds with broken wings scattered around his paddocks.

It’s been a huge thunderstorm,” Mr Iffla said.

It’s been something that I don’t think the State’s has had too often before as bad as this.”

Fellow Newdegate farmer Bryce Sinclair said he had lost about 20 per cent of his crop.

Hail flattened entire paddocks of his wheat, barley and canola.

The 29-year-old said though his crops were mostly covered by insurance, the damage would set him back next year.

It would be harder to replant affected paddocks and recover valuable seed.
It’s an issue for next year but it’s bloody annoying for us this year,” Mr Sinclair said.

We got a fairly good fizzling, that’s for sure.”

WAFarmers senior vicepresident Tony York said it was not uncommon for areas of the Wheatbelt to be hit by damaging thunderstorms at this time of year.

But he said farmers were still on track to record a sizeable harvest of between 13.5 and 14 million tonnes — underpinned by strong prices — after a good growing season.


Indonesian fires cannot be put out, says Malaysian minister, with rainy season seen as only saviour
International efforts to douse raging Indonesia fires will fail and South-East Asia could face several more weeks of choking smoke until the rainy season starts, Malaysia's environment minister has warned.







Indonesia's smog hits crisis point during 2013 peak dry season


ABC,
20 October, 2015


"Unless there is rain, there is no way human intervention can put out the fires," said natural resources and environment minister Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar on the sidelines of Malaysia's parliament session, warning that the blazes were spread across "huge areas" of Indonesia.

Even the multi-nation effort now under way "is not enough to put out the fires", he dded.

Indonesia has revoked the land licences of PT Mega Alam Sentosa and state-owned PT Dyera Hutan Lestari, the director-general for law enforcement at the forestry ministry, Rasio Rido Sani, told reporters late on Monday.

Both firms could not be reached for comment.

Last month, Indonesia ordered four companies to suspend operations for allegedly causing forest fires.

Facing growing pressure, Indonesia earlier this month agreed to accept international help, including six aircraft from Singapore, Malaysia and Australia.

They are part of the deployment of 32 water-bombing planes and helicopters, assisting the more than 22,000 personnel on the ground.

Indonesia had failed for weeks to douse the annual fires from slash-and-burn farming that shrouds angry neighbours Malaysia and Singapore.


PHOTO Malaysia's landmark buildings in Kuala Lumpur are shrouded by haze caused by forest fires in neighbouring Indonesia.AFP: MANAN VATSYAYANA 


Malaysia was forced once again to close schools in several areas on Monday due to unhealthy air, and Mr Jaafar said the crisis could continue for another month.
"We hope the rains will come in mid-November. It will be able to put out the fires," he said.

On Friday, Indonesia launched its largest firefighting assault yet, with dozens of planes and thousands of troops battling the illegally started agricultural and forest fires in its territory on the large islands of Sumatra and Borneo.

Last Wednesday saw largest number of fires in two years

The fires and resulting region-wide haze are an annual dry-season problem, but experts warn the current outbreak is on track to become the worst ever
exacerbated by tinder-dry conditions from the El Nino weather phenomenon.

Fire alert count across Sumatra to October 19, 2015. (fires.globalforestwatch.org)

On the ground last Wednesday, NASA satellites detected 1,729 fire alerts across Indonesia, more than any single day in the last two years.

The acrid air has sparked health alerts, sent thousands to hospitals for respiratory problems, and caused the cancellation of scores of flights and some major international events across the region.

Indonesian national disaster management agency spokesman Sutopo Purwo Nugroho also offered sobering comments, saying the fires were "yet to be overcome".

Mr Sutopo said satellite data indicated Indonesia now had more than 1,500 'hotspots', which are loosely defined as areas where fires are either burning or where conditions are ripe for blazes to break out.

What's behind the haze?


 
Find out what is behind the choking smoke covering Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore.


"The actual number is higher as the satellite is not able to penetrate the thickness of the haze," he said.

A scientist at the Centre for International Forestry Research, Herry Purnomo, said that hot spots had reached Papua, a region that usually avoids widespread fires.
"It is because people are opening new agriculture areas, like palm oil," he said.

Indonesian president Joko Widodo has increased government efforts to tackle the haze in recent weeks, making several visits to the worst-hit areas and asking other countries for help, but apparently to little avail.

"We all know that the burned areas are now widening beyond normal conditions," Mr Widodo told reporters on Sunday.

Malaysia enjoyed a brief spell of lowered haze last week, but the government — which has repeatedly ordered school closures across wide areas as a health precaution — did so again on Monday as skies again reverted to the now-familiar soupy gray.

Schools were closed in several states and in the capital Kuala Lumpur as pollution levels climbed well into the "unhealthy" range under the government's rating system.

Air quality in Singapore, however, improved on Monday after "unhealthy" levels over the weekend.



Typhoon Koppu Pounds Philippines, Killing At Least 23
A slow-motion disaster is playing out in the northern Philippines, where thousands of residents still have days of life-threatening rainfall ahead


19 October, 2015
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At least 23 people have died and six more are missing since the landfall of Typhoon Koppu (Lando) in the Philippines Sunday morning, local time, while flooding rains continue to lash parts of the country with torrential downpours. Koppu was downgraded to a tropical storm late Monday, but remains a deadly threat to the archipelago.

"As expected, Koppu has stalled near Luzon in the northern Philippines," said weather.com meteorologist Chris Dolce. "Although its winds will continue to weaken, heavy rain will drench the region into at least Tuesday, leading to more dangerous flooding and possible mudslides."

At Least 23 Killed, Many Injured or Displaced

A 6-year-old girl died after falling into a creek in Bambang municipality Sunday, according to the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. 

Additional fatalities included two deaths due to cardiac arrest after landslides in Tinoc municipality, two young men swept away by swift waters in Buguias and Tineg municipalities and a woman who died from electrocution in Moncada municipality. 

One individual was killed when a boat capsized near Surigao City, the NDRRMC reported. 

A teenager was killed Sunday in suburban Quezon city after being pinned by a fallen tree. Four others were injured in the incident and three houses were damaged. A concrete wall collapsed in Subic town, killing a 62-year-old woman and injuring her husband, according to Nigel Lontoc of the Office of Civil Defense.

In Casiguran, Aurora province, where the storm made landfall, virtually all of the buildings and infrastructure sustained damage, according to Rappler. Officials said two other nearby towns, Dinalungan and Dilasag, have been cut off from the outside world, and little is known about their condition.

According to Latino Fox News, Nueva Ecija Gov. Aurelio Umali reported two people drowned in the city of Palayan. They were found floating in floodwaters, Inquirer.net reports.

Another man was killed by a landslide Sunday when he went to check on his farm in the mountain town of Bakud in Benguet province, according to the Associated Press. Two other men drowned in Nueva Ecija, the report dded.

Seven others were lost at sea, NBC News reported via Reuters. Those deaths occurred in the central Philippines, which were not directly affected by the storm, the AP said.

Lontoc also stated that three fishermen who were missing at sea were rescued off northern Bataan province, and three other missing people were found in an evacuation camp in Aurora's Baler town.

The AP reported that 65,000 villagers have been displaced in the typhoon's path, including in towns prone to flash floods and landslides.

According to a tweet from the Philippines Red Cross, a child was swept away and reported missing in Nueva Vizcaya. 

The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) is asking those in need of rescue to tweet the hashtags #LandoPH or #RescuePH along with their name, location and contact information for assistance.

Flash Flooding Threats

La Union province was affected by heavy flooding after strong waves, generated by Lando, damaged a seawall in San Fernando City, GMA News Online said. Officials urged hundreds of residents in Barangay Ilocanos to evacuate, with some families staying in evacuation center. 

Residents of multiple low-lying towns in Pangasinan province were asked to evacuate, as reports said the Agno River could flood in the early hours of Tuesday, ABC-CBN News reported. 

The typhoon triggered head-high floods in 5 villages near Cabanatuan City, Rappler reports, prompting rescue operations in the early hours of Monday, October 19.  Red Cross Bravo team had rescued 64 people in Barangay Sumakab since 3 a.m. Monday, and volunteers using boats and bangkas continued to rescue residents as of Monday at 8 a.m. as many families remained stranded in their homes.

Local police and military officials worked Sunday to rescue those trapped in flooded villages throughout some of the nation's hardest hit provinces. Both Aurora and rice-growing province Nueva Ecija were among those swamped by floodwaters.

The flooding in Nueva Ecija forced residents onto their rooftops Sunday afternoon, reports ABS-CBN News. Certain areas were so inundated that rescuers were unable to reach residents. 

A road in Valdefuente village, Cabanatuan City was impassable except for loaders, firetrucks and military rescue trucks as of 10 p.m. Sunday, according to Rappler. Rescue vehicles were seen cutting through the water throughout the night to reach hundreds of residents waiting for rescue in flooded areas.

Two hospitals, Premiere Medical Center and Eduardo L. Joson Memorial Hospital, have been breached by flood waters and have been the target of several rescue operations already, according to Nueva Ecija provincial government employee Bobby Balagtas.

Many villages further down this road are under water, says Balagtas. Aduas Central, Aduas Sur and Aduas Norte, in particular, experienced head-high floods, leaving many residents stranded on their roofs until help arrived.

Residents who sought shelter in evacuation centers have been cautioned by disaster officials not to return to their homes yet. The large amounts of rainwater accumulated in the mountains will not start coming down into the lowlands until at least Tuesday afternoon, which will likely cause more flooding in areas that have already been inundated.

Though it caused widespread damage, the rainfall from Typhoon Koppu provided much needed water to several dams still suffering from the effects of El Niño, according to a situation report from the United Nations. The Angat Dam, which supplies a majority of Metro Manila's water needs, saw an increase of 7.2 meters in its water level.

Crops Lost to the Storm

In areas where farming is a way of life, Koppu has been devastating for crops. Vice Mayor Henry Velarde of Nueva Ecija's Jaen town was briefed on the damage and told the AP via telephone that the fields are in bad shape.

"Our rice farms looked like it was ran over by a giant flat iron," he said. "All the rice stalks were flattened in one direction."

Residents were forced to flee the storm while leaving their poultry and other farm animals behind, in many instances. Much of the area's rice crops, which were expected to be harvested in a few weeks, have been destroyed.

Erwin Jacinto, a resident of Nueva Ecija's Santa Rosa town, told the AP that his farmland has been reduced to "nothing but mud" as Koppu continues to pound the area.

High Winds, Downed Trees and Power Outages

There have been power outages, downed trees and flattened crops in some of the top rice-producing areas of the country, according to World Vision teams in Luzon.

We woke up early this morning to strong rain and howling winds. Already there are uprooted trees blocking roads,” said Joy Maluyo, emergency communications officer for World Vision. “In farm fields, the rice stalks are supposed to be ready for harvest next week. Unfortunately now, they’re drowned in water. Farmers are worried all their efforts are now wasted.” 

The NDRRMC reported complete power outages in 9 provinces, potentially affecting more than nine million people - equal to nearly 10 percent of the entire population of the Philippines and nearly 20 percent of the population of Luzon. 

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) sent out a severe weather bulletin Saturday at 11 p.m local time. Fishers have been advised not to venture past the seaboards of Luzon and Visayas, as well as the eastern seaboard of Mindanao. Residents in mountainous and low-lying areas of the providences that received the Public Storm Warning Signal (PSWS) have been alerted of possible flash floods and landslides.

Province-wide power outages were also reported in Pangasinan, Cagayan, Isabela, Quirino, Nueva Vizcaya, Aurora, Nueva Ecija, Apayao, and Kalinga.
CNN Philippines tweeted that high winds in the town of Baler had toppled trees and ripped the roofs off several buildings early on Sunday morning. Floods and small landslides made 25 roads and bridges impassable.

A total of 2,225 passengers were stranded in 6 districts of Southern Tagalog according to the Philippine Coast Guard as of noon local time on Saturday. The weather bureau PAGASA had placed Batangas under Signal No. 1 which automatically canceled all trips of passenger vessels. 

The Philippines government announced Sunday evening that work in government offices in Regions 1, 2, 3 and Cordillera Administrative Region would be suspended on October 19, Monday as Typhoon Koppu (Lando) continues to hover over northern Luzon, Inquirer.net reported. Presidential spokesperson Edwin Lacierda said that government personnel who are involved in the “delivery of basic and health services, disaster and emergency response as well as other vital services” are required to report to work on Monday.

Lacierda said that the suspension of work in government offices in those regions was implemented with the recommendation of the NDRRM.

According to the Philippines’ Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), a total of approximately $226,146 USD in standby funds had been made available as of Thursday. Also on hand were 120,383 family food packs and approximately $2,561,786 USD worth of food and non-food items for resource augmentation to local government units that have been affected by the typhoon.




Typhoon Koppu , Lando Floods Luzon, Monday Update








Despite predictions for a strong El Niño to bring above-average rain to most of California, forecasters say it won't likely help where it's most needed.

The NOAA Climate Prediction Center seasonal outlook does not forecast where or when snowstorms may arrive, nor does it project seasonal snowfall totals. Snow forecasts are determined by the strength and track of winter storms, which are not predictable more than a week in advance.


But the outlook does say El Niño isn't expected to make a significant difference in bringing snow to one of areas hardest hit by the drought: the central and southern Sierra Nevada




Every day, Yasin Mohammed Aliye stakes out a spot on his small farm to chew khat leaves, a stimulant, and guard against intruders.

The khat, he explains, helps to dull the hunger.

We got just one day of rain each month during the rainy season,” Mr. Yasin said, referring to the days from July through September. “It should have been raining every other day. Now my harvest has failed.”

The green hills and full fields around here belie an alarming fact: This is the worst drought Ethiopia has experienced in more than a decade.



HUMAN activity is leading to the rapid draining of about one third of the planet’s largest underground water reserves and it is unclear how much fluid remains in them, two new studies have found.

Consequently, huge sections of the population are using up groundwater without knowing when it will run out, researchers said in findings that will appear in the journal Water Resources Research and were posted online Tuesday.


If we continue with business as usual, and we don’t act on reducing carbon emissions, in that case, there could be a 20 to 70 percent reduction in Antarctic krill by 2100,” Dr. Kawaguchi said. “By 2300, the Southern Ocean might not be suitable for krill reproduction.”


California drought: Past dry periods have lasted more than 200 years, scientists say




California's current drought is being billed as the driest period in the state's recorded rainfall history. But scientists who study the West's long-term climate patterns say the state has been parched for much longer stretches before that 163-year historical period began.

And they worry that the "megadroughts" typical of California's earlier history could come again.

Through studies of tree rings, sediment and other natural evidence, researchers have documented multiple droughts in California that lasted 10 or 20 years in a row during the past 1,000 years -- compared to the mere three-year duration of the current dry spell. The two most severe megadroughts make the Dust Bowl of the 1930s look tame: a 240-year-long drought that started in 850 and, 50 years after the conclusion of that one, another that stretched at least 180 years



Two degrees Celsius warming will spike sea level rise
Two degrees Celsius warming will spike sea level rise


19 October, 2015

A jump in global average temperatures of 1.5 degree Celsius to two degrees Celsius will see the collapse of Antarctic ice shelves, the floating margins of the Antarctic ice sheet, and lead to hundreds and even thousands of years of sea level rise, warns new research.

Using computer modelling, the researchers simulated the ice sheet's response to a warming climate under a range of greenhouse gas emission scenarios.

They found in all but one scenario (that of significantly reduced emissions beyond 2020) large parts of the Antarctic ice sheet were lost, resulting in a substantial rise in global sea level.

"The long reaction time of the Antarctic ice sheet -- which can take thousands of years to fully manifest its response to changes in environmental conditions -- coupled with the fact that CO2 lingers in the atmosphere for a very long time means that the warming we generate now will affect the ice sheet in ways that will be incredibly hard to undo," said lead researcher Nicholas Golledge from Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.

The findings suggest that to avoid the loss of the Antarctic ice shelves, and a long-term commitment to many metres of sea level rise, atmospheric warming needs to be kept below two degree Celsius above present levels.

"Missing the two degree Celsius target will result in an Antarctic contribution to sea level rise that could be up to 10 metres higher than today," Golledge said.

"The stakes are obviously very high -- 10 percent of the world's population lives within 10 metres of present sea level," Golledge noted.

"The striking thing about these findings is that we have taken the most conservative estimates possible," study co-author Chris Fogwill from the University of New South Wales in Australia pointed out.

The last time CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere were similar to present levels was about three million years ago, Golledge said.

"At that time average global temperatures were two or three degrees warmer, large parts of the Antarctic ice sheet had melted, and sea levels were a staggering 20 metres higher than they are now," he noted.

"We are currently on track for a global temperature rise of a couple of degrees which will take us into that ballpark, so there may well be a few scary surprises in store for us, possibly within just a few hundred years," Golledge said.

The study was published in the journal Nature.


Guy McPherson has many more positve feedbacks recorded than this.

See his tatest update HERE



Alaskanboreal forest fires release more carbon than the trees can absorb






A new analysis of fire activity in Alaska's Yukon Flats finds that so many forest fires are occurring there that the area has become a net exporter of carbon to the atmosphere. This is worrisome, the researchers say, because arctic and subarctic boreal forests like those of the Yukon Flats contain roughly one-third of the Earth's terrestrial carbon stores.




China Is Building The Great Green Wall To Hold Back The Desert


Drought uncovers 400-year-old church in Mexican reservoir (VIDEO)




The relics of a 400-year-old church built by Spanish colonizers have been discovered at the Nezahualcoyotl reservoir in southern Mexico as water levels in the Grijalba River, in the state of Chiapas, dropped by almost 25 meters due to a lack of rain.

The building, which is known as the Temple of Santiago, as well as the Temple of Quechula, is roofless, over 60 meters in length, and has walls as high as 10 meters

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