NZ military spy on NZ journalists

Former Defence and GCSB boss Sir Bruce Ferguson says it's concerning the NZ military would spy on investigative journalists.

The former head of both the Defence Force and GCSB says he's concerned about revelations a New Zealand journalist was spied on by the military.

NZ City,

28 July, 2013

A leaked Defence Force manual obtained by the Sunday Star-Times lists "certain investigative journalists" as one of three main "subversion" threats, which qualifies them for surveillance.

The New Zealand military allegedly received help from US spy agencies to monitor the phone calls of journalist Jon Stephenson in Afghanistan.

Sir Bruce Ferguson, who was Chief of Defence Force between 2001 and 2006, and director of the Government Communications Security Bureau from 2006 to 2011, is stunned by the revelations.

"I certainly, in my career, have never met a journalist who has given me any cause for fear or concern. They have a job to do, and they generally do it very well," he told Radio New Zealand.

"I certainly haven't ever treated them as the enemy or people that are at risk of subverting justice. I just find it quite confusing that they (the Defence Force) are saying that."

Sir Bruce says it's concerning the Defence Force now appears to have something to hide.

He said the media is "quite vital" for keeping the likes of the Defence Force and GCSB honest.

A Defence Force spokesman said it not be appropriate for current Chief of Defence Force Lieutenant General Rhys Jones to comment while legal action between Mr Stephenson and the Defence Force is ongoing.

A High Court jury was last week unable to agree over whether Mr Stephenson had been defamed by Lt Gen Jones and the Defence Force in a press release questioning whether the journalist had actually spoken to a source in Kabul for an article revealing details of the NZ army's role in Afghanistan.

The Green Party wants a Royal Commission inquiry into the government spy agencies following the revelations, which come as the government rushes through new legislation giving the GCSB power to spy on New Zealanders on behalf of other domestic agencies.

Thousands of people protested against the bill on Saturday.

Journalist's calls monitored in Afghanistan

The New Zealand Defence Force is being accused of getting American intelligence agencies to keep track of New Zealand journalist Jon Stephenson through his phone records.

3News,

28 July, 2013

It comes just two weeks after Mr Stephenson was fighting to clear his name in a defamation case against the Defence Force, on an unrelated matter.

Fellow journalist Nicky Hager says the New Zealand Defence Force had copies of Mr Stephenson's phone records in Afghanistan, which had been intercepted by American intelligence agencies.

"It certainly seems that New Zealand had asked for intelligence help from the Americans, and they were actively using this information about whom Jon had been calling, and whom they had been calling – the whole tree of his contacts – I think to find his sources," says Mr Hager.

Mr Stephenson had been working on stories in Afghanistan for both American and New Zealand news companies.

The Prime Minister denies our spy agency, the GCSB, was tracking him.

"What I can say is the advice I have from the GCSB is that he isn't a target and has never been a target," says John Key.

But Mr Hager says he is sure of the facts.

Mr Stephenson is out of the country on holiday. But Mr Hager revealed Mr Stephenson had been suspicious he was being spied on in the war zone.

"You have to wonder," says Mr Hager. "But I'd always said to him, 'Don't be paranoid; you're a journalist.'"

The Green Party is now calling for a royal commission of inquiry, to look into our intelligence services.

"You can't have a democracy without a free and independent press, and what this government is trying to do is intimidate journalists to stop running stories that John Key doesn't like," says Greens co-leader Russel Norman.

The spying allegation comes just a day after thousands protested over proposed changes to our spying legislation.

And using its own line against it, the Greens say if the Government and the Intelligence and Security Services have nothing to hide, then they have nothing to fear from a royal commission of inquiry

Here are Nicky Hager's initial revelations

US spy agencies eavesdrop on Kiwi

The New Zealand military received help from US spy agencies to monitor the phone calls of Kiwi journalist Jon Stephenson and his associates while he was in Afghanistan reporting on the war.

Nicky Hager

Stephenson has described the revelation as a serious violation of his privacy, and the intrusion into New Zealand media freedom has been slammed as an abuse of human rights.

The spying came at a time when the New Zealand Defence Force was unhappy at Stephenson's reporting of its handling of Afghan prisoners and was trying to find out who was giving him confidential information.

The monitoring occurred in the second half of last year when Stephenson was working as Kabul correspondent for the US McClatchy news service and for various New Zealand news organisations.

The Sunday Star-Times has learned that New Zealand Defence Force personnel had copies of intercepted phone "metadata" for Stephenson, the type of intelligence publicised by US intelligence whistleblower Edward Snowden. The intelligence reports showed who Stephenson had phoned and then who those people had phoned, creating what the sources called a "tree" of the journalist's associates.

New Zealand SAS troops in Kabul had access to the reports and were using them in active investigations into Stephenson.

The sources believed the phone monitoring was being done to try to identify Stephenson's journalistic contacts and sources. They drew a picture of a metadata tree the Defence Force had obtained, which included Stephenson and named contacts in the Afghan government and military.

The sources who described the monitoring of Stephenson's phone calls in Afghanistan said that the NZSIS has an officer based in Kabul who was known to be involved in the Stephenson investigations.

And since early in the Afghanistan war, the GCSB has secretly posted staff to the main US intelligence centre at Bagram, north of Kabul. They work in a special "signals intelligence" unit that co-ordinates electronic surveillance to assist military targeting. It is likely to be this organisation that monitored Stephenson.

Stephenson and the Defence Force clashed in the Wellington High Court two weeks ago after it claimed Stephonson had invented a story about visiting an Afghan base.

The Human Rights Foundation says Defence Force involvement in monitoring a journalist is an abuse of fundamental human rights.

"Don't they understand the vital importance of freedom of the press?" spokesman Tim McBride said. "Independent journalism is especially important in a controversial war zone where the public has a right to know what really happens and not just get military public relations," he said.

The news has emerged as the Government prepares to pass legislation which will allow the Defence Force to use the GCSB to spy on New Zealanders.

The Stephenson surveillance suggests the Defence Force may be seeking the GCSB assistance, in part, for investigating leaks and whistleblowers.

Stephenson said monitoring a journalist's communications could also threaten the safety of their sources "by enabling security authorities to track down and intimidate people disclosing information to that journalist".

He said there was "a world of difference between investigating a genuine security threat and monitoring a journalist because his reporting is inconvenient or embarrassing to politicians and defence officials".

The Star-Times asked Chief of Defence Force Rhys Jones and Defence Minister Jonathan Coleman if they were aware of the surveillance of Stephenson, if they approved of it and whether they authorised the investigation of Stephenson (including the phone monitoring).

They were also asked if they thought journalists should be classified as threats. Neither answered the questions.

Defence Force spokesman Geoff Davies said: "As your request relates to a legal matter involving Jon Stephenson which is still before the court, it would not be appropriate for the Chief of Defence Force to comment."

In fact, none of the issues before that court relate to the surveillance or security manual.

Coleman's press secretary said the minister was not available for comment and to try again next week.

Green Party co-leader Russel Norman said the monitoring of Stephenson demonstrates that the security services see the media and journalists as a legitimate target.

"Democracy totally relies on a free and independent press," he said. "Current attempts to strengthen the security apparatus for monitoring New Zealanders is deeply disturbing and menacing for democracy."

An internal Defence document leaked to the Star-Times reveals that defence security staff viewed investigative journalists as "hostile" threats requiring "counteraction". The classified security manual lists security threats, including "certain investigative journalists" who may attempt to obtain "politically sensitive information".

The manual says Chief of Defence Force approval is required before any NZDF participation in "counter intelligence activity" is undertaken. (See separate story)

Stephenson took defamation action against the Defence Force after Jones claimed that Stephenson had invented a story about visiting an Afghan base as part of an article about mishandling of prisoners.

Although the case ended with a hung jury two weeks ago, Jones conceded during the hearing that he now accepted Stephenson had visited the base and interviewed its Afghan commander.

Victoria University lecturer in media studies Peter Thompson said the Afghanistan monitoring and the security manual's view of investigative journalists confirmed the concerns raised in the High Court case.

There was "a concerted and deliberate effort to denigrate that journalist's reputation for political ends".

There is currently controversy in the United States over government monitoring of journalists. In May the Associated Press reported that the Justice Department had secretly obtained two months' worth of phone records of its reporters and editors.

The media organisation said it was a "massive and unprecedented intrusion" into its news gathering process.

PROBING JOURNALISTS DEEMED THREAT

A leaked New Zealand Defence Force security manual reveals it sees three main "subversion" threats it needs to protect itself against: foreign intelligence services, organisations with extreme ideologies and "certain investigative journalists".

In the minds of the defence chiefs, probing journalists apparently belong on the same list as the KGB and al Qaeda.

The manual's first chapter is called "Basic Principles of Defence Security". It says a key part of protecting classified information is investigating the "capabilities and intentions of hostile organisations and individuals" and taking counteraction against them.

The manual, which was issued as an order by the Chief of Defence Force, places journalists among the hostile individuals. It defines "The Threat" as espionage, sabotage, subversion and terrorism, and includes investigative journalists under the heading "subversion".

Subversion, it says, is action designed to "weaken the military, economic or political strength of a nation by undermining the morale, loyalty or reliability of its citizens."

It highlights people acquiring classified information to "bring the Government into disrepute".

This threat came from hostile intelligence services and extreme organisations, and "there is also a threat from certain investigative journalists who may seek to acquire and exploit official information for similar reasons", it says.

Viewing journalism as a security threat has serious implications. The manual states that "plans to counter the activities of hostile intelligence services and subversive organisations and individuals must be based on accurate and timely intelligence concerning the identity, capabilities and intentions of the hostile elements".

It says "one means of obtaining security intelligence is the investigation of breaches of security".

This is where the security manual may be relevant to the monitoring of Jon Stephenson's phone calls. The Defence Force was unhappy at Stephenson's access to confidential information about prisoner handling in Afghanistan and began investigating to discover his sources.

The manual continues that "counter intelligence" means "activities which are concerned with identifying and counteracting the threat to security", including by individuals engaged in "subversion".

It notes: "The New Zealand Security Intelligence Service is the only organisation sanctioned to conduct Counter Intelligence activities in New Zealand. [Chief of Defence Force] approval is required before any NZDF participation in any CI activity is undertaken."

Under the NZSIS Act, subversion is a legal justification for surveillance of an individual.

The sources who described the monitoring of Stephenson's phone calls in Afghanistan said the NZSIS has an officer based in Kabul who was known to be involved in the Stephenson investigations.

To reinforce its concern, the defence security manual raises investigative journalists a second time under a category called "non-traditional threats". The threat of investigative journalists, it says, is that they may attempt to obtain "politically sensitive information".

Politically sensitive information, such as the kind of stories that Stephenson was writing, is however about politics and political accountability, not security. Metro magazine editor Simon Wilson, who has published a number of Jon Stephenson's prisoner stories, said the Defence Force seemed to see Stephenson as the "enemy", as a threat to the Defence Force.

"But that's not how Jon works and how journalism works," he said. "Jon is just going about his business as a journalist."

The New Zealand Defence Force "seems to be confusing national security with its own desire not to be embarrassed by disclosures that reveal it has broken the rules", he said

And some discussion on Radio New Zealand with QC Rodney Harrison and Paul Buchanan

Defence Force warning that journalists a 'subversion' threat

Alarm at leaked Defence Force document warning that certain investigative journalists a 'subversion' threat. With Rick Neville - Editorial director of the Newspaper Publishers Association. Dr Paul Buchanan - an Auckland based strategic analyst and political risk and market intelligence consultant. He was formerly with the US Defense Department. Rodney Harrison QC - Auckland lawyer